Which of the following is prohibited in an appraisal opinion of value?

In an appraisal opinion of value, it is essential to adhere to ethical standards and guidelines that ensure fairness and objectivity. The use of protected characteristics—such as race, gender, religion, or disability—when determining value is explicitly prohibited. This prohibition aligns with various anti-discrimination laws and guidelines, including those established by the Fair Housing Act and USPAP, which emphasize that appraisers must provide unbiased and equitable assessments that do not perpetuate inequality or discrimination.

In contrast, utilizing market trends, considering location factors, and analyzing historical data are all crucial components of an effective appraisal. Market trends provide insight into current conditions that influence property values, location factors impact desirability and potential future value, and historical data helps establish context for the valuation by revealing patterns over time. These aspects are fundamental to a well-rounded and compliant appraisal practice, thereby ensuring an accurate, fair, and market-aligned opinion of value that respects all individuals and communities involved.